AJAT ENGGAU GENDANG IBAN (DANCES AND MUSIC)
The Iban perform many kinds of dances accompanied by the music of gongs and drums. These dances include the ngajat, bapencha, bakuntau, main karichap, main chekak. The ajat dance is attributed to a spiritual being, Batu Lichin, Bujang Indang Lengain, who brought it to the Iban many generations ago. Today there are three kinds of ajat dances performed by the Ibans. One is called ajat bebunoh which is performed by warrior dancers; the second is ajat semain performed by men and women; and the third is ajat nanggong lesong performed by men.
When a warrior performs the ajat bebunoh dance with the music of a gendang panjai orchestra, he does it as if he is fighting against an enemy. With occasional shouts he raises his shield with one arm and swings his illang knife with his other arm as he moves towards the enemy. While he moves forward he is careful with the steps of his feet to guard them from being cut by his foe. The tempo of his action is very fast with his knife and shield gleaming up and down as he dances.
The performance of ajat semain is done in slower tempo and with graceful movements. The dancer softens his body, arms and hands as he swings forward and backward. When he bends his body the swinging of his hands is very soft. The performance of ngajat nanggong lesong dance is more or less like the ajat semain dance. Only when the dancer bites and raises the heavy wooden mortar (lesong) with his teeth, does he use extraordinary skill. It is not an attractive dance, although his audience enjoys seeing his trick of biting and raising a heavy mortar and then placing it carefully again on the floor.
When the dancers take the floor to dance, the musicians beat two dumbak drums, a bendai gong, a set of seven small gongs (engkerumong) and a large tawak gong. The music for the performance of ajat bebunoh dance is quicker in tempo than the music for the ajat semain and ajat nanggong lesong dances, as in the dance itself.
As from time immemorial, the people of the longhouse have been skilled in playing all kinds of gendang music. Another important music performed by the Ibans is called gendang rayah. It is played only for religious festivals with the following instruments:
1. The music from a first bendai gong is called pampat
2. The music from a second bendai gong is called kaul
3. The music from a third bendai gong is called kura
4.. As the three bendai gongs sound together, then a first tawak gong is beaten and is added to by the beating of another tawak gong to make the music.
Last but not least, is the music played using the katebong drums by one or up to eleven drummers. These drums are long. Its cylinder is made from strong wood, such as tapang or mengeris, and one of its ends is covered with the skins of monkeys and mousedeer or the skin of a monitor lizard. The major types of drum music are known as follows:
1. Gendang Bebandong
2. Gendang Lanjan
3. Gendang Enjun Batang
4. Gendang Tama Pechal
5. Gendang Pampat
6. Gendang Tama Lubang
7. Gendang Tinggang Batang
8. Singkam Nggam
All these types are played by drummers on the open air verandah during the celebration of the Gawai Burong festival. The Singkam Nggam music is accompanied by the quick beating of beliong adzes.
After each of these types has been played, the drummers beat another music called sambi sanjan, which is followed by still another called tempap tambak pechal. To end the orchestral performance the music of gendang bebandong is again beaten.
The ordinary types of music beaten by drummers for pleasure are as follows:
1. Gendang Dumbang
2. Gendang Ngang
3. Gendang Ringka
4. Gendang Enjun Batang
5. Kechendai Inggap Diatap
6. Gendang Kanto
When a Gawai Manang or bebangun festival is held for a layman to be consecrated as a manang (shaman), the following music must be beaten on the ketebong drums at the open verandah (tanju) of the longhouse of the initiate:
1. Gendang Dudok
2. Gendang Rueh
3.. Gendang Kelakendai
4. Gendang Tari
5. Gendang Naik
6. Gendang Po Umboi
7. Gendang Sembayan
8. Gendang Layar
9. Gendang Bebandong
10. Gendang Nyereman
Gendang Bebandong also must be beaten when a manang dies and is beaten again when his coffin is lowered from the open air verandah (tanju) to the ground below on its way to the cemetery for burial.
In addition to playing music on the above mentioned instruments, Iban men enjoy the music of the following instruments:
Engkerurai (bagpipe)
Kesuling (flute)
Ruding (Jew’s harp)
Rebab (guitar with two strings)
Balikan (guitar with 3 strings)
Belula (violin)
Engkeratong (harp)
The women, especially the maidens, are fond of playing the Jew’s harp while conversing with their visiting lovers at night, with the tunes from the ruding Jew’s harp, the girls and their boy friends relate how much they love each other. In past generations, there were very few Iban men and women who did not know how to converse with each other by using the ruding Jew’s harp. Today very few younger people know how to play this instrument and the art is rapidly dying out.
Compiled by Gregory N. Mawar
What are the various types and names of Iban taboh?
Dalam budaya
Iban, muzik taboh dimainkan bergantung kepada keperluan sesuatu keramaian itu, contohnya
apabila masyarakat Iban mengadakan tarian Ajat, mendirikan tiang untuk pembinaan rumah
panjang baru, ritual gawai bagi memberkati rumah panjang baru, menghidupkan bulan gerhana,
taboh untuk ritual gawai naku antu pala, taboh memanggil petara (tuhan) turun dari langit dua
minggu sebelum masyarakat Iban mengadakan ritual gawai, taboh untuk mendirikan pandong
gawai, taboh untuk mengubatan orang sakit, taboh untuk ritual gawai kenyalang dan taboh untuk
memberitahu ada berlaku kecemasan di rumah panjang
Source: http://www.ieas.unimas.my/images/Kaboka7/malaysia/Dr%20Noria.pdf
taboh mengadakan tarian Ajat,
taboh mendirikan tiang untuk pembinaan rumah panjang baru,
taboh ritual gawai bagi memberkati rumah panjang baru,
taboh menghidupkan bulan gerhana,
taboh untuk ritual gawai naku antu pala,
taboh memanggil petara (tuhan) turun dari langit dua
minggu sebelum masyarakat Iban mengadakan ritual gawai,
taboh untuk mendirikan pandong gawai,
taboh untuk mengubatan orang sakit,
taboh untuk ritual gawai kenyalang dan
taboh untuk memberitahu ada berlaku kecemasan di rumah panjang
Pencha (v. f. mencka; bepencha)^ to dance,
challenge. Kami ngasoh Laut mencha di
rumah kami di malam. We asked a Malay to
dance in our house last night. Iya bangat
mencha aku nya alai aku ngelaban iya. He
challenged me so that was the reason I fought
with him.
http://www16.us.archive.org/stream/aseadyakdiction00bailgoog/aseadyakdiction00bailgoog_djvu.txt
Berayah, a ceremonious dance performed
by chiefs leaping up with their arms extended
in imitation of a soaring kite. Smah berayah
kaki rantau, napat ka rarah buah jambu. The
smah fish leaps at the foot of the reach and
^oes for the iambu fruits that fall. [Note.
There are only three ancient Dyak dsmces.
I. Berayah, 2. Naku pala, 3. Alengap, i is
an imitation of the soaring of the menaut, the
spirit representative of Singa/ang Burcng, 2
is performed by women only carrying heads.
For 3 see Pengap, All these dances are of
a processional character].
http://www16.us.archive.org/stream/aseadyakdiction00bailgoog/aseadyakdiction00bailgoog_djvu.txt
tabi sekali agik pengajar..
aku arap pengajr ulih nerang ngau lebih silk pasal main asal ktai iban iya nya gendang PAMPAT.aq nembiak bru nda nemu pasal gendang pampat ktai iabn.siti agik aq ka info ngau silik agik pasal main asal towk ngmbika aq ulih ngaga research aq bkaitan ngau gendang pampat ktai iban..
arap pengajar ulih share2 info nya.
terima kasih
Uji peda ba sukut Ajat ngau gendang Iban. Search ba Youtube.com bisi gendang pampat.
tabi basa..
bakani aq ka nemu pasal adat main gendang PAMPAT ktai iban??
ulih upload gambar perengka muzik nya tuan…laban baka aku nembiak rebak baru nadai ngelala perengka baka sida ruding , balikan etc ….
Ulih upload video bapencha, main karichap ngau main chekak?
Nama bapencha tu sabaka ngau penchak silat Melayu kini?
Nama reti main karichap?
Nama main chekak tu bechekak rekong pangan diri kini?
Tabi GN Mawar
Aku deka nyanya cerita sida Senabong enggau sida Bangkam .Enti nuan bisi deka ngasuh nuan upload dito.Nya aja , terima kasih.
tabi gai nuan aya..ku ka nanya nuan pasal alat muzik tradisional ktai iban ke dikumbai engkerurai..dini endur urg ke ag ngaga engkerurai tu..
Tabi enggau basa ngaggai nuan Tuai gnmawar.
Beratika rintai musik enggau main asal kitai Iban ti di turai ka nuan ditu amat numbas endar pemayuh. Bisi kedua enda kala didingga aku.
Bisi mega perengka main tu enda kala dipeda. Beduduk ari nya tadi, aku arap ka nuan ulih download gambar sekeda perengka main tu lalu enti ulih download mega siti-siti bunyi leka mainnya awak ka sama-sama didingga kitai mayuh awak ka kitai ukai semina nemu nama iya tang mega kala ningga bunyi rentak musik nya.
Kemaiya ari tu pedis amat deka ningga musik lama lalu mayuh kitai Bansa nyengkaum aku empu enda nemu tauka enda kala ningga sekeda ari bunyi rentak musik tu.
God Bless You
Tq n good luck.
bc nyimpan gambar ngepan iban lelaki ngau indu kelia nuan uncle? ti bc minta nuan upload pic….
terima kaseh ke jerita iIban ti tusoi nuan nya. keep on.
tabi basa ngagai nuan aya GNMawar,
ditu aku ka nanya enggau ka nemu ari nuan siti instrument lama kitai iban ka di kangau ‘telunyang’. ari ni asal alat muzik tok ?
tabi basa nuju nn apai…..
pengangkun nuan k jaku iban ngau semua macham leman adat kitai iban amat meransang ati kami k nembiak…. aku siku ari nembiak rebak baru k amat rindu k main asal,jaku ngau mayuh agi pengawa/pendiau kitai iban k dulu suba.tapi penemu pasal adat kitai iban tu jauh amai udah ngejang k kitai bansa pengeran ngau pengangkun kitai k bansa diri nyau jauh tinggal/limpang.ngarap k nuan majak nerus k penemu nn tu ngambi k ulih meransang ngau narit ati kitai bansa mulai k pengingat/penemu pasal pendiau kitai bansa tu.ngambi k bansa maju?mansang ke mua tang nitih k chuan kitai iban……ukai ngambuh bansa iban nunda chuan orang…..true iban
Tuan GN Mawar,
Terima kasih au laban udah reply,sigi pedis kemaya ari tu ngiga sapa orang ka nemu lalu ka ngajar..kati bala iya ka nemu nya ka ngajar kini lalu ulih contact ka ??enti nuan ulih nulung manah ga??
Laban aku udah ngabas ba ” Rumah Dayak ” tang semina bisi ngajar “Ngajat” nya pun “TBA”…
Terima Kasih Sakali Agi
jj
JJ,
Rumah Dayak bisi ngajar ngajat, gendang enggau betenun pua kumbu aja. Aku enda nemu main bukai ti bisi diajar dia. Nya ka tanda scope DAM kitai limited amat ba ngemansang ka cultural heritage bansa kitai Iban. Arap ka sida tau improve agi dudi hari ila.
jj,
Engka ka temu aku, Mr. Brayun bisi ngajar orang bekuntau menya. Tang diatu iya udah enda tentu dapat agi laban umur udah tuai. Tang aku nemu bala anak lelaki iya nemu bekuntau magang.
Tuan GN Mawar,
Tabi enggau basa ti besai, nyadi aku tu ka nanya sapa bala kitai Iban ka nemu Kutau lalu bisi ngajar Kuntau di Miri ??
TQ
jj