SAKEDA NAMA BUAH PUA – KUMBU
Penulis Asal: Niang Henry Gerijih – Nendak Lumor 33
Bagi nama enggau peninggi ringkat dalam pangkat buah pua-kumbu. Dalam pangkat buah pua ke tinggi agi 10 macham sida bepun ari leka jako ‘Bali’.
A. PUA TINGGI PANGKAT
1. Bali Begajai
2. Bali Berandau
3. Bali Mensuga
4. Bali Sapepat
5. Bali Kelibut
6. Bali Menyeti
7. Bali Tengkebang
8. Bali Belulai
9. Bali Berinjan
10. Bali Belumpong
11. Lebor Api
12. Kumbu Rayong
13. Bandau Nulang
14. Kayu Betimbau
15. Remang Berarat
16. Kumbu Muau
17. Remaong Batu
18. Sandau Liau
19. Buah Baya
20. Gajah Meram
21. Gerasi
22. Ijok Pumpong
B. PUA BAROH AGI PANGKAT
1. Kara Jangkit
2. Engkatak
3. Igi Nibong
4. Orang Chayam
5. Gerama Murong
6. Tangkong Sapepat
7. Leku Sawa
8. Manang Iling
9. Begajai
10. Buah Anak Gambar. Pua bebuah Anak Gambar tu enda tentu tau dikena ka dinding maligai. Nyangka sekeda petara enggai meda gambar orang ba pua nya.
11. Anak Ampang.
Note:
1. Samoa pua dalam bagi (A) dikena dalam pengawa gawai. Ambika banding: enti Gawai Umai, dikena nyandik anak padi.
2. Samoa pua dalam bagi (B) nya bansa pua ke selalu dikena orang besandik ka anak.
Pua Kumbu Design Motif by late Benedict Sandin – Iban Adat & Augury:
The names for various pua blankets used for carrying a child are as follows:
Manah, ambi bisi endur bala Anak Dayak ke deka nemu pasal pua kumbu ngiga penemu.
mnh meh nya, madah ke bala nembaik rebak baru..senentang topic nya..laban myuh enda nemu……
Nya’meh Endu…kita ka indu anang enda belajar ngaga pua-kumbu…maya ari kediatu…anak kitai iban maioh ka mansik nekan Galaxi-tab touch-Screen..tang ngaga utai ti senang nyau melut igi mata..madah diri nadai nemu….udah’nya temu ka belaki sida iya.
Unggal,
keterubah tu aku dulu meri tabi basa ngagai nuan unggal sereta ngarap ke nuan ulih nampung pengawa ti di pungkal nuan tu ke ujung ke agi sereta mengkang belama sampai di tampung rebak ke dudi agi ila. Tudah aku endang enda sengaja tetemu ke wesite tu tadi tang aku berasai bidik amat laban tu keterubah aku nemu wesite dalam jaku Iban. Congratulation!
tuai..aku berminat ka ngambi main iban (ngajat) jadi ke tesis aku… ka minta permission nuan awak ka kitai ulih bertemu,awak ka nuan ulih jadi salah siko informan aku dalam tesis tok… terima kasih..
gloria …ti kak belajr ulih ba dini ali tapi aku lelaki ….tapi aku kalak najar urang najat tapi aku ba kl ….laban aku bisi nari ka sarawak taun 2000
ba usterala..kak nubuh kaban
bansa pua kumbu to patut disempulang k ngau gmbr.ulih aku minta penerangan jenis gawai k bisi di sambut bansa iban?ambi k chunto gawai lelabi,gawai antu,gawai betambah bulu nagau bansa gawai bukai.laban ku ka beguna k maklumat to ngaga thesis tentang pengerami gawai.
Greetings from Finland. This is a nice site. I’m wondering if you have any advice about staying out of the friend zone with girls? Honestly I’m sick of women telling me they just want to be friends. Perhaps I’m being too nice?
love your articles about pua. I hope i can weave one someday.
ulih kita ngayan ka gambar buah pua kini?awak ka nyamai agi bala rebak dudi nemu gaya lalu nemu gaya churok buah nya.ukai ka rebak dudi,aku pan enda ga nemu kati ka gaya buah iya.
Vernon,
Do not break the egg. Just gently tap it on the forehead or ubun (soft spot on top of the head).
The chicken coloration used to welcome the Budin “Gerasi” bloodline is Burik Menaul Beragum Bejugu – the coloration of a striped eagle with beard and crest on its head – very rare coloration to look for. If that coloration is not used to welcome our bloodline to a festival, then somebody among the host will faint (a.k.a Pansa Arong) indicating our guardian spirit is not pleased with the protocol accorded to us.
Uncle
Thanks for the full explanation. Now I fully understand the significance of the practice of breaking the egg on the forehead. I remember Mama (daddy’s mother) telling me about the egg. Do we just tap it or do we break it completely on the forehead untl the person wakes up?
Mama also mentioned something about a white chicken with spots. What did she mean?
Vernon,
It show our spiritual superiority over other bloodlines … meaning, the bloodline is closer to God’s attention and other people need to recognise that. As a cultured people, we take great care about our spiritual well being – to avoid the wrath of God hence careful compliance to the ritual processes in every aspect of our life. In leadership role, half-hearted people are afraid to follow us because of our bravery, but then people like to be led by us because we have been very successful in leading the people for generations, while other Iban leaders have no major success in uniting us and in bringing properity to our people. Our enemies feared us for generations. That makes us the proven bloodline. That all comes down to strong spiritual values we possess in our blood. People are also afraid to offend us – cos that usually mean offending our ancestors spirit and thus spiritual repercussion could happen.
If such thing happens in your visit, ask for a piece of raw chicken egg, and tap or rub it on the forehead of the fainted person and say a simple prayer “If indeed you fainted because of my ancestor spirit, no harm will fall on you”. The person will be normal again.
Uncle
I have seen with my own eyes people fainting during a Gawai celebratiuon when ucu gerasi are present.
It even happened to me once when I visited a longhouse during campaign for my previous boss in the Dalat area. My ex-boss is Muslim, so he didn’t spear the pig that was prepared for him. He asked me to do it on his behalf. After the tuai rumah did the miring, I speared the pig, and then a few moments later one of the longouse occupants fainted. Then the tuai rumah asked me who I my forefathers were. So I recited my tusut from Dana Bayang down to me, and then from Sa’ang also.
Why did this happened, that people faint when ucu gerasi are present at their longhouse events?
Vernon,
There is nothing wrong in making Takang Gerasi Papa as long as the strict ritual procedure is complied to. Also there shouldn’t be any fear of being a custodian or in possession of the said pattern. It’s just being kept in case we need it for the Gawai Gerasi Papa (if ever we organise one) – therefore that makes it a very rare and priceless master piece indeed.
During Gawai Gerasi Papa, a sacred pole (Tiang Chandi) is constructed with the figure of Gerasi Papa sitting on top of it. It’s base is covered with Pua kumbu of the same motif or design where all the offerings are placed. It is believed that after the gawai ritual is over, the sacred pole comes alive spiritually. This hungry demon spirit will feed on human soul causing deaths to the longhouse occupant. That was why, prior to this particular festival, the house must also be prepared to be abandoned as soon as possible, before the palm leaves used in the celebration withered (layu).
I do not know why our Aki Sengalang Burong asked us to revive the spirit of this demon, which he had slain earlier, in this last stage of Gawai Burong. It was because of his victory over this arch enemy that he started a cycle of Gawai Burong celebration – Imagine ourselves in Aki SB shoes and analyse the logic of it all. In christainity, similarly I still wonder why God created demon (or jin) from fire. There must be a balance or reason to everything that keep me digging for the answers. Maybe it’s just to keep life in circle from generations to generations and if that cycle is broken, maybe it spell the end of humanity. I’ve got to search my soul.
Mama was right to remind your daddy (my 2nd Cousin) not to display that particular pua unnecessarily because she knows that the demon figure in the pua is spiritually active or alive due to the rituals she performed during its construction process – which only senior weaver should undertake. But it will not harm you if you keep it in a good place (as you’d do to yourself) and not completely hidden in the attic or store room. If you want to display it for photo shoot, then you should perform a simple offering ceremony with Sireh, pinang, kapu, tobacco, nipah palm leaves, hard boil egg which you place on a table nearby to appease the spirit. Then you bite a piece of metal (small knife) just to strengthen your own spirit. Also add a little “Tuak” to the offering – as rice wine will keep the demon physically weak and under control (mabok). The same could be done to your other notable collections, especially those that is being used for other Gawai Burong and those that is used to receive head trophies. This simple ritual is not necessary for other non-notable ones or ordinary one.
Maybe oneday we should organise a grand statewide Gawai Burong event in Kuching with Dr. Peter Kedit as main sponser (due to his seniority) and erect a sacred tiang Chandi in the compound of Rumah Dayak or Kuching City Centre. Get all the Iban YBs involved in this project – then maybe we can unite them using this cultural heritage and values as an unifying factor. Tough task.
Uncle,
You wrote:
“One main issue on Gawai Burong is that Pua Kumbu with Gerasi Papa design is totally prohibited in Gawai Burong because these demon group is the arch enemy of Sengalang Burong and Sengalang Burong entourage will not come down to grace the festival if that design grace its sacred pole. It is used only in the last stage of Gawai Burong called Gawai Gerasi Papa, immediately after which the longhouse must be abandoned.”
Mengan wove the Takang Gerasi Papa. The tiang has a Gerasi Papa motif at the top. However, Mengan said that this pua can never be displayed in the longhouse. It can only be displayed IF the Gawai Gerasi Papa was celebrated BUT then the longhouse must be immediately abandoned. Can you shed some light on this discrepancy, Uncle?
Mengan’s pua is now di-ibun by my dad, Rumpang, and was given to him by Mama Tuai when he came back from Singapore to live in Kuching. Mama Tuai also said never to display it unless the Gawai Gerasi Papa is celebrated and he (Rumpang) must ngerumpang the house. Any thoughts on what she really meant?
Niang Aki Ringkai (Apai Ming) or Mister Ringkye as he was fondly known, regrettably has left us. I hope to interview Aunty Yak or Uncle Ming soon. Hopefully, they have anecdotes from Stambak.
Uncle
Kelibut, I strongly suspect, is typo error in the magazine. The correct term is Kelikut. The ‘k’ was mistaken and taken for a ‘b’. If we can check who the source of the magazine is, we can trace it back to the original.
My informant from Stambak was the late Indai Gulang (Ini Yak) whose mother was Jelawai, a well known weaver too. Much of what I know about Stambak weaving tradition was from her.
Vernon,
Kelibut – typo error – I believe so. The magazine was published by Borneo Literature Bureau, edited by our late Mr. Henry Gana Ngadi (also from Samu).
Indai Gulang – She was the finest tikai mat weaver of various design. Won many prizes in tikai weaving contest in Betong. And ofcourse, Indai Yak Jelawai, their memory is still fresh in my mind. But I thought Uncle Ringkai (Apai Ming) should have gathered as much info about weaving from Mama before.
Vernon,
Indeed both writers did not go deeply on the subject which needs to be further researched. The list was to preserve the names and design motifs that was available in the Saribas area. Sandin’s informer was Selaka Ak. Budin of Stambak (who was not a notable weaver but was a very notable informants on Stambak oral history. Other informants were from Samu (Datin Empiang & Gerijih’s main source) and Tanjong. Matop & Pelandok claim consultancy from our expert in Stambak. Therfore, there were two bloodlines of expert in Saribas – Samu and Stambak, which doesn’t seem to compromise each other (I do not understand why).
One main issue on Gawai Burong is that Pua Kumbu with Gerasi Papa design is totally prohibited in Gawai Burong because these demon group is the arch enemy of Sengalang Burong and Sengalang Burong entourage will not come down to grace the festival if that design grace its sacred pole. It is used only in the last stage of Gawai Burong called Gawai Gerasi Papa, immediately after which the longhouse must be abandoned.
I agree with you that the Sandin – Gerijih list is not the ultimate reference as their historical focus was mainly on man dominated history. It was just part of their short note.
Bali Kelibut – it was spelt as that in the Nendak magazine – also puzzle me too. Maybe Datin Empiang can explain its Samu origin. You and Datin should jointly reconcile the different thoughts from these two school of weaving as you are both from the same bloodlines – Stambak & Samu. I’m looking forward to your project success in this area.
Uncle
I have written a critique on the Gerijih-Sandin Lists. I would appreciate your comments and thoughts.
Vernon
http://vernonkeditjolly.blogspot.com/2009/08/much-has-been-said-and-written-about.html
Uncle
I have joined an international discussion forum here to further share our pua kumbu legacy with the world.
http://www.tribaltextiles.info/community/viewtopic.php?t=1376
Vernon,
Congratulation. This is a great recognition for you. May our great-great grandmother’s prestige be sang out loud. They were the best and deserve those recognition. My comment on their opinion of the Ibans:
1. “The Iban do not have a ‘notion of cultural unity and uniformity, but identify themselves by river, or even just by their particular longhouse community.”… Ms Gavin.
The Iban are culturally identified by their language, practice the tradition of Sengalang Burong with all its customary laws and religious rituals. Therefore there is no doubt about cultural unity and uniformity.
2. “I wonder how and when your family came to migrate to Singapore and the suits and ties and batik sarongs and kabayas of your family photo.”… MAC
They taught that we are still backward people … still living on trees, adorn lions clothes, way of life restricted by taboos etc. They never know that Saribas is the cradle of Iban Culture and pioneer of Iban modernisation for the last 100 years (4 generations).
Uncle
Please could you have a look and comment accordingly.
http://vernonkeditjolly.blogspot.com/2009/07/definitive-classical-pua-kumbu.html
Excellent work on your research. I could use your research materials to beef up more informations on the subject in my blog. Indeed Ragam was the first Iban lady to teach the Iban how to dye cotton tread using “enselup”. Then came the people of Gelong (Kumang) who taught the iban the finest art of weaving clothes for various use (domestic and ceremonial attire or clothes, etc). This was followed by Dara Tinchin Temaga (Daughter of Sengalang Burong) who taught the Iban women how to make various types of Pua Kumbu for religious rituals like various stages of Gawai Burong, Gawai Umai, Gawai Sakit, Gawai Kenyalang, Gawai Batu, Gawai Tajau, Gawai Pangkong Tiang, etc. Thus from beginner to master weavers, there must be various learning stages. Only the master weaver can do their own invention or design of which few can achieve this status. This is on top of their capability to weave those Pua Kumbu used in major iban Gawai thus attain their spiritual fulfillment by weaving patterns or design motifs achieved through their dreams. It takes alot of patience and determination to be the best.
Great blog! Very interesting posts. I will allways read it. May i post your backlink on my page?
Amazing blog! Very interesting themes. I will often read it. Also subsribed on rss.
Amazing blog! Very interesting aspects. I will often read it. Also subsribed on rss.
Excellent blog! Very interesting themes. I will regularly read it.
Your blog is so interesting! I have subscribed on rss and I will read it regullary/
kitai sebala,
Buah Pua – Design motif or Design Patern or weaving patern.
nama reti buah pua nyak kih?
uji padah ka aku laban reti buahnya ka ditanya dalam exam kami…
minta ampun, aku ukai iban…enti salah, anang nganu auk..
Tabi aya,
Aku amat gaga ati laban maioh amat penemu ti beguna pasal pua kumbu ditu. Terima kasih laban udah ngangkat ka pengereja jari asal kitai iban ngagai siti tikas agi. Arap ka aya tau mega bekunsi blog tu dalam jaku ribai, ngambi ke bansa bukai mega ulih merati ka pengelandik sereta pengaya main asal kitai Iban.
sagaraptor
No problem. Sama-sama betulong pangan ngangkat ka penemu bansa kitai Iban.
aya,
aku bisi ngambi artikel tu dikena aku ngaduka IbanWiki.
Terima kasih
NOTED.
TQ
Tuai,
Aku siko ari nembiak iban rebak baru ke benung belajar betenun. Asal menua aku ari Krian, Saratok. Aku rindu bendar ke pengawa betenun tu. kati ulih nuan ngayan ke sekeda gambar nitih ke nama pua kumbu tu?
Terima kasih.
Chak-lut,
Uji nuan ngiga book “The Ties That Bind” ditulis niang Margret Linggi. Dia iya bisi ngayan ka sakeda gambar buah kumbu. Bisi dijual di Tun Jugah Foundation Building, Kuching.
Tabi Unggal Greg,
Terima Kasih ngagai nuan ka udah ngada ka ruai tu ngagai kami maioh, kami duai anak aku selalu ngebus ngagai ruai nuan tu, macha jerita lama, pemindah kitai iban enggau tusut tang enda kala ninggal ka leka jako.
Jako Pesan aku ngagai bala temuai ditu: Unggal GNM tu patut di beri pingat ka tanda bekau jari ia ka udah mantai maioh cerita enggau adat kitai iban sekeda nya tau ka lalau pengidup kitai maioh di rumah panjai tauka di nengri.
Nya aja, terima kasih sekali agi
Keep up the good job.
Aku berasai gaga amat tetemu ka website nuan unggal pasal jerita lama kitai Iban. Aku meri puji ka pengankun nuan ba jerita lama Iban tu. Bisi kini orang bukai ke nemu tang aku bedau tetemu ka website sida. aku arap ka ari pengawa nuan ti rajin ngarang jerita ti bakatu tau meri tuju enggau identiti ngagai kitai bansa Iban.
Terima Kasik Punggal!
Terima kasih wai. Manah bendar penemu ti dikunsi nuan wai GNMawar. Ila meh aku ngiga.
indu rebak baru,
Nuan tau contact Dayak Association Miri pasal belajar batenun. Sida bisi “schedule” belajar batenun, ngajat, betaboh, etc enti nuan deka enggau sida. Nuan tau nemuai ngagai website sida.
Nambah ka nya, nuan tau meli book pasal Iban Ikat Weaving ba Tun Jugah Foundation. Manah amai book nya. Aku bisi nyimpan book nya. TQ.
tabi basa ngau nuan. aku tu siku peminat ti ka nemu ngau silik pasal pua kumbu. tang diatu tusah amai ka ngiga orang ti ulih ngajar baka ni chara ngaga pua kumbu. enti ulih manah gi nuan engkah ngau gambar pua kumbu skali. enti kitai berati pua kumbu tu ulih dikomersialkan munyi ko jaku kemaya ari. Kitai patut belajar sereta nyaga pengelandik begaga ka pua kumbu ngai ke rebak baru enda nemu nama utai ke disebut pua kumbu. Enti nemu nama buah pua kumbu aja pan nadai ga guna enti enda nemu baka ni curak tauka buah ia.
Aya, ni bagi pua ti di kena kitai ngintu pengawa melah pinang? Tang sebedau nya tabi basa ngagai aya laban ngaga utai baka tok ngambik ke bisi di pelajar kami rebak ti biak.
Thanks Owen. The original author, Late Benedict Sandin was the main researcher on the Ibans and also the main writer of Sarawak Musuem Journals….. I’ve no problem with recognition. There are other Professors from foreign universities and foreign students consulting me directly for their research materials. That is already an International recognition for me.
Amai manah bc website beka tu… tapi sayau nda ulih kena litereture review laban lecturer nda ngasuh… laban ukai journal. tapi aku curi curi gak ngena maklumat ba ditu… laban kelalu manah maklumat ditu kena ngadu thesis aku. terima kasih maioh maioh. sori nti bc speling salah, laban aku ukai Iban…
kelia, Kelimpah ari ke ngena pua Lebur Api, bala sida ke indu suah nyempulang antu pala ngena BALI BELUMPUNG. Pua ke bansa tu suah agi dikena laban enti Lebur Api, enda mayuh sida indu ke tau ngengkahka jari ngebat iya. Nya kebuah Lebur Api tu endang buah pua ke pemadu tinggi tikas iya ke tau dikebat indu ke belambar sereta belinsar aja lalu kena nyambut antu pala ke dengah RAJA BERANI.
FLO_UPM08,
translation tauka meaning pua kumbu bisi dipublish aku ditu.
it rely my very 1st time knew bout type of pua kumbu…so intresting…n a lot of info i can gain from here..perhaps next tme i can see pic of pua kumbu in this website….together wth the explanation the mean of…
Thanks Stanly and Anouhea…. alot of those pictures are available in a book called Iban Ikat Weaving by Datin Amar Margaret Linggi. I cannot publish it here without her permission. I do not mind doing promotion for her book if she gives me the permission to publish those pictures in my website.
Aku setuju dengan Stanly Sempurai!
Asai aku manah agik enti Tuai Blog ulih meri gambar tau ka visual imej+photo dalam page ‘Nama Bauh Pua Kumbu’ tuk supaya kitai nemu ni bagi dalam pua kumbu tok ka dikumbai kitai enggau nama nya!
p;s;- Sapa ka njual ‘Lebor Api’ agik aku… msg meh aku!
dalam hierarchy pua kumbu… lebor api adalah yang paling mulia + ka pengabis tinggi pangkat nya laban pua nya dikena nyambut antu pala munsoh!
Manah amat pengawa ka baka tu. Tang enti ulih gambar buah pua kumbu nya tau mega dipasuka ditu. Enggau nya bala nembiak kitai bansa ulih meratika pengaya penawa asal bansa kitai.